During the process of plant growth, they carry out a number of metabolic and biochemical processes, forming and accumulating various kinds of chemical substances that form the chemical composition of plants. Plant extracts are very complicated and also contain many types of chemical composition with the composition in different parts also being different. Usually plants contain many types of chemical constituents below: alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids, resins (including resin acids, resin alcohols and hydrocarbon resins), volatile oils, sugars (including starches, inulin, gums and phlegmatic, etc.) , amino acids, proteins and enzymes, tannins, plant pigments (including chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, beet red bases and quinones, etc.), oils and waxes, and inorganic ingredients (trace elements).

There are many kinds of plant extracts with their major functions contained in skin medicines, efficacy cosmetics and cosmetic including: anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-infective, sterilization, wetting, protecting the skin and so on. No matter whether it is a single plant extract or compound extract, it often has multiple effects, especially that the clinical efficacy of the compound extract is reflected in the combined and overall effect of compound compatibility, its efficacy is sometimes more excellent than mixed material of the isolated purified ingredients.

According to the formulations of plant extracts, it can be divided into: water-soluble plant extracts (including water and propylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and glycerol extract), oil-soluble plant extracts (including various vegetable oils, such as the exact of sunflower oil, coconut oil and olive extract oil, sometimes use isopropyl myristate extract), essential oils, spray-dried powder, enzyme-hydrolyzed vegetable protein powder, the pure active ingredients, peeled fruit core powder, liposome encapsulated microcapsules, polysaccharides or other porous polymer-encapsulated microcapsules and microspheres absorbed extract. It has been also used of freshly prepared fruit or vegetable juice in the professional beauty salon or family. If the plant parts used for the plant extract are different, the active ingredients are also different, including: roots, stems, leaves, bark, flowers, garland, fruits, seeds, shoots and the like. This classification method is more meaningful in the preparation, application, storage and transportation, and is used frequently by the manufacturer of some plant extracts.

With the development of various pieces of studies including extraction, isolation, determination techniques of composition and structure and the pharmacological effects, some separated and purified plant extract has begun to be taken seriously. Some companies of plant extracts manufacturing are actively studying and developing these new types of products. Some larger cosmetic companies have done a lot of research work, separating and extracting pure extract and further applying to various products. There are highly effective ingredients contained in such plant extracts, containing no or less other irrelevant substances but containing one or more pure components. These components have accurate contents and structure components, relatively explicit quality standards and inspection methods, and have their product undergone pharmacological testing, clinical trials and activity tests. The application of such plant extracts is more effective and practical, easy for the anti-corrosion and the quality control of the product, but usually having higher cost compared general extract. We will discuss below of some plant extracts which have been applied in cosmetics, having clearly defined composition and structure as well as having undergone separation and purification.

The plant extracts industry in our country, because of the influence of traditional Chinese medicine culture, has unique advantages for development. With rich resources and technological advantages, China has become one of the world’s most important suppliers of plant extracts. According to Chinese customs statistics, China’s plant extracts of exports had amounted to $815 million in 2010, accounting for 41.9% of China’s total export of Chinese medicine, the extract of Chinese products have become the major driving force in the increasing of the China’s export growth. At present, there are around 2000 enterprises engaging in plant extracts production and trade business with thousands of products being exported to foreign countries every year.

Data has shown that the inn the first half of 2011, the exports sales of plant extracts in China has reached up to $525 million with an increase of 47.68%. The proportion of plant extract in Chinese exports is gradually increasing. As the product of “natural medicine” and “homeopathy” usage, plant extracts have a very stable market in the international market.

 

Wolfberry extract
[English name] Wolfberry P.E.
[Latin name] Lycium chinense
[sexual taste] Gan, Ping
[Properties]Brown yellow powder
[Main ingredients] Wolfberry polysaccharide, betaine, zeaxanthine, carotene and amino acids
[Function] nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting and improving eyesight. Used for consumptive loss, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, internal heat, thirst, blood deficiency, sallowness, dizziness
[Product Specifications] Lycium barbarrum Polysaccharides 20%, 50%, 70%
[Physicochemical properties] Soluble in water, especially soluble in hot water, insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, n-butanol. Sulfuric acid-phenol coloring reagent is positive
[Test method] UV
[Packing] 25KG / barrel
[Save] cool and dry, away from light, avoid high temperature
[storage period] 24 (months)

Wolfberry details

Wolfberry is a valuable Chinese medicine with rich nutrients and high pharmaceutical value. It contains not only iron, phosphorus, calcium, etc., but also a lot of sugar, fat, protein and amino acids, polysaccharide pigments, vitamins, sterols, and cesium. Classes, etc., have the functions of moistening the lungs, clearing the liver, nourishing the kidney, benefiting the Qi, spermatogenic, helping the yang, hurricane, eyesight, and strong bones. It also contains polysaccharides that have a good health care effect on the human body and organic warts that are beneficial to the development of human intelligence. Each 100 g of sputum contains 112.50 mg of calcium, 7.78 g of crude fiber, 57.82 g of carbohydrate, 203.10 mg of phosphorus, 7.14 g of crude fat, 18.4 g of ascorbic acid, 8.42 mg of iron, 12.10 g of crude protein, 4.32 g of niacin, thiamine. 0.153 mg, riboflavin 1.27 mg, carotene 7.38 g, saccharide 46.50 mg, calories 362.20 Kcal, 100 mg total amino acid 8.48 mg.

Plant source

The medlar is the fruit of the Solanaceae plant Lycium barbarum L. When the fruit is orange-red in summer and autumn, it is harvested, dried to the skin wrinkle, and then exposed to the skin to dry and hard, the flesh is soft, and the fruit stem is removed. Characters The fruit is elliptical, 6 to 18 mm long and 6 to 8 mm in diameter. The surface is bright red or dark red, with irregular wrinkles, slightly lustrous, with stigma marks on the top and fruit stems on the other end. It is soft and moist, thick and sticky, containing 25 to 50 seeds. Seed flat kidney shape, up to 2.5mm, width to 2mm, khaki. Micro, sweet, slightly acidic. Main ingredients: lycium barbarum, betaine, zeaxanthine, carotene and amino acids.

Pharmacological action

1. Immunoregulatory function A number of studies have shown that alfalfa polysaccharide can enhance the immune function of T cell antigen, thus selectively enhancing the immune response of T cells; significantly increasing the percentage of human phagocytic phagocytosis and phagocytic index; can significantly improve serum lysing Enzyme activity.
2, anti-aging contains a variety of free radical scavengers, such as polysaccharides, vitamins C, E, β-carotene, etc., with antioxidant aging; modern aging theory that the main cause of the decline in immune function during aging is the thymus As the age shrinks, the thymus is the main link of aging. The polysaccharide can promote the number of mature thymocytes in the human body, thus reversing the aging degeneration of aging. The polysaccharide can also enhance the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow and resist aging of hematopoietic function.
3, anti-mutation and anti-tumor, maintain cell health can prevent and reduce somatic cell carcinogenesis, promote the normal development and growth of human reproduction and embryonic cells; can significantly increase the number of white blood cells, have defense and block mutagenic effects. Promote the proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and maintain chemotherapy. Observation of cell culture in vitro showed that it had significant inhibitory effects on human gastric adenocarcinoma and cervical cancer cells. The inhibition rate in the literature was 91.8% and 82.6%.
4, protect the liver The betaine contained can act as a methyl donor, protect the liver from harmful chemicals, and resist the peroxidation of liver lipids. Long-term feeding of rats with water-containing extracts has a protective effect on liver damage caused by CCL4, inhibits lipid changes in serum and liver caused by CCL4, and reduces aspartate aminotransferase.
5, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic studies have shown that hazelnut extract can improve carbohydrate tolerance and has a significant hypoglycemic effect; can reduce serum and liver total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, suggesting lice It has a certain preventive effect on fatty liver, and can prevent and treat atherosclerosis and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

[English name]: Green tea Extract

• 

  Daily Use-Essential Oil-Blackcurrant

: tea polyphenol ≥ 90% Tea Polyphenols ≥ 90% [extracted parts]: leaves
[Main ingredients]: tea polyphenols, caffeine, aromatic oil, water, minerals, pigments, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, etc. [Test method]: HPLC
[Other common content]: Tea polyphenols 20%-98% EGCG: 15%-98% Catechin: 30%-90%
[Pharmaceutical effect]: lowering blood pressure, anti-hemagglutination, lowering blood fat, losing weight, preventing and treating atherosclerosis and thrombosis, cardiovascular diseases, lowering blood sugar, preventing and treating diabetes, bactericidal and antiviral; preventing hepatitis, fatty liver, anti-aging and Enhance immune function; fight cancer, anti-allergy, prevent colds, prevent fractures.

The main effect of green tea extract

Tea polyphenols improve the body’s comprehensive immunity;
By regulating the activity of immunoglobulin, it can indirectly improve the body’s comprehensive immunity, anti-rheumatic factors, antibacterial and antiviral effects, anti-allergic reactions and skin allergic reactions, soothe gastrointestinal tension, diarrhea and diuresis, promote the absorption of Vc, prevent and control Blood disease.

Health care efficacy; anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-aging, anti-allergic effect on heavy metal salts and alkaloid poisoning, anti-radiation damage, reduce adverse reactions of radiotherapy, anti-caries and remove bad breath, help digestion, have Helps with skin care.

Botanical Name : Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen
Medicinal Chinese Name : Sanqi
Primitive: The root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen of Araliaceae plant Araliaceae.
Use location : Root
Main origin : Mainland China
Production place: Distributed in Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places in mainland China, mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangnan, Guangxi.
Harvesting and processing: Generally harvested after 4 years of planting, harvested from August to September or called Spring 7 and November. Dig up the roots, remove the stems and leaves, and dry or dry.
Medicinal Latin Name : Radix Notoginseng

Sanqi medicinal properties
Sanqi: The roots are conical, spindle-shaped or irregularly shaped, 3~4cm long and 0.4~3cm in diameter. The surface is grayish yellow to brownish black, with waxy luster, root rhizome marks on the top, nodular protrusions around it, intermittent longitudinal wrinkles on the sides and root fractures. The body weight is firm, the skin is often separated from the wood after crushing; the cross section is grayish green, yellowish green or grayish white, the skin has fine brown resin road spots, and the center has a slightly radial texture. The gas is slight, bitter, slightly cool and then sweet.
Sanqi organization identification
The outermost layer of the root cross section is 5~8 layers of cork layer. The outer layer cells are easy to rupture, and the cork cells are rectangular. The phloem is scattered with several resin channels and the diameter is about 80~250μm. The formation layer is obvious, 3 to 4 columns. The xylem is composed of a duct, a thin-walled cell of the wood, and a medullary medulla; the medullary ligament is 1 to 3 columns. Most of the catheters are mesh catheters and stepped catheters. The outer tough vascular bundles are arranged radially. The center is the native xylem. The soft cells contain a large amount of starch granules, and the starch has a particle size of about 5-15 μm.
Sanqi HPLC fingerprint
Test liquid and sample preparation method
(1) Internal standard solution (I.S) configuration
0.1 g of acetophenone was placed in a 100 mL dosing bottle and made up to the mark with 70% ethanol (Ethanol) as an internal standard solution (I.S.).
(2) Extraction method
The medicinal materials of Panax notoginseng were powdered by a pulverizer, and 1 g of powder was weighed into a 50 mL centrifuge bottle. After adding 8 mL of 70% ethanol (Ethanol) aqueous solution, the ultrasonic wave (Bornson 5210/8510) was shaken for 15 minutes to Hermle. Centrifuge the Z-400 centrifuge at 2500 RPM for 10 min, take the supernatant, and add 8 mL of 70% Ethanol to the residue for 15 minutes. Repeat three times. The three supernatants were combined, and 1 mL of the internal standard (acetophenone) was added, and the volume was adjusted to 25 mL with 70% Ethanol as a detection solution.
Chemical fingerprinting
(1) Calibration of common fingerprint peaks
Take HPLC to detect the HPLC chromatogram obtained from the medicine of Panax notoginseng, and calibrate the time and relative time of the peak of each batch of Panax notoginseng (refer to the peak time of occurrence of the internal standard IS time), as the drug must have a peak Reference basis
(2) The ratio of the total fingerprint peak to the retained area
The chromatogram of the samples of Panax notoginseng was determined by HPLC, and the relative retention area of each finger peak was calculated. The absolute retention area of each finger peak was divided by the absolute retention area of the internal standard (I.S.) as the relative retention area of the finger peak. The relative retention area of each finger peak is divided by the relative retention area of the reference finger peak (the reference peak relative to the retention area is selected, and the peak area is relatively large and stable). The relative retention area and reference material of each finger peak are calculated. The ratio of the peak relative to the retained area is taken as the ratio of the peak relative retention area.
(3) Chemical fingerprint radar map production
Absorb the finger peak map, mark the peak time of each finger, calculate the average value of the relative area ratio of each finger peak of the medicine, and obtain the S.D value and the corresponding compound number. The peaks in the HPLC map are numbered as the outer circle coordinates, and the relative area ratio of the finger number is the value of the coordinate axis, and the value of ±S.D is marked to make a simple and clear chemical fingerprint radar map.
Panax notoginseng contains ginseng saponins Rb1, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1 (ginsenoside Rb1, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1), esculenta, notoginsenoside R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 , R6 (notoginsenoside R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6), α- and β-ylangurene (α-, β-muurolene), cyperene, γ-, β- and γ- Elemene (α-, β-, γ-elemene), α-gurjunene, guaiene, caryophyllene, α-cedrene, Cuparene, cadinene, β-cubebene, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl heptadecadienoate, octadecadiene Methyl ester (methyl octadecadienoate), palmitic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, and the like.
Sanqi velvet root contains ginseng saponin Rb, ginseng xVI (gypenoside XVI), notoginsenoside R4. Panax notoginseng contains ginseng saponins Rb1, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1 and notoginsenoside R1, R2, R, dencichine, a small amount of flavonoids, starch, protein, oil, biopterin And trace elements.
Sanqi plant description
Perennial perennial herb, 20~60 cm high. The main root is thick, fleshy, spindle-shaped, inverted conical or cylindrical, and the upper part often has a branching mark of the ridge. Stems single, erect, unbranched. Palmate compound leaves, 3-6 pieces of stalk apex; leaflets usually 5 to 17 pieces, 3 to 19 pieces thin, membranous, oblong to obovate-oblong, leaf margin with fine serrate, dentate Small bristles, sparsely bristled along the two sides. Umbells solitary, 3 to 4 cm in diam., with flowers 80 to 100 or more.

A woman’s Facebook post and shocking photos have gone viral after she shared her experience with wild parsnip—a plant she encountered along the road in Vermont, which caused serious burns and blisters up and down both of her legs. She’s hoping that by spreading the word, she can help others avoid this type of reaction.

Charlotte Murphy posted the warning on Saturday, more than a week after she first brushed against the invasive species during a pit stop along a Vermont road. In an interview with NBC5, Murphy said she stopped to go to the bathroom in a mowed-down area with picnic tables.

On Facebook, Murphy describes wild parsnip as an invasive species that looks like yellow Queen Anne’s lace “and is found along roadsides/guardrails that has been spreading each year throughout Vermont and other states.” She didn’t realize that her leg had rubbed against the plant’s broken leaves, she wrote, “so I went about my day in the hot sun.”

But, according to Murphy, the sun activated the plant’s sap and sparked the damaging effects it can have on skin. “A few bumps appeared within a couple days but no pain or itch,” she wrote. “I continued working out in the sun allowing more sweat and UV rays to hit the skin, making the reaction that came a week later much worse than if I had washed my skin right away and stayed out of the sun.”

Murphy’s leg became extremely red and itchy over the next few days, until she woke up with large, yellow blisters on her leg. “Throughout the day they grew exponentially to a point where my leg was swollen and I couldn’t walk,” she wrote. The blisters soon spread to her other leg, arms, and fingers.

RELATED: 12 Reasons Your Skin Is So Itchy–and When to Talk to a Doctor

So, what is wild parsnip?

Wild parsnip (whose scientific name is Pastinaca sativa L.) is common in many parts of Vermont. It is also found throughout most of the United States, according to the United States Department of Agriculture.

Pastinaca sativa L. is actually the same plant that farmers and home gardeners harvest to get the parsnips we eat in soups and roasted-veggie dishes. But when it grows wild, the plant produces tiny yellow flowers during its second year. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the plant has grooved, hairless stems and typically stands between two and five feet tall.

Wild parsnips and related plants produce a sap that can react with sunlight to form a compound that’s toxic to skin cells, says Eike Blohm, MD, an emergency medicine physician and medical toxicologist at the University of Vermont. Touching the plant itself isn’t harmful, unless the stem or leaves are broken and that sap is exposed.

“This unfortunate experience is called phytophotodermatitis,” he says, and it’s a natural defense against certain types of plant-eating fungus. “Humans aren’t the intended target, but if we absorb this substance topically and then go out in the sun, it can have really devastating effects.” The chemical reaction can damage DNA and cause skin cells to die, which can cause blisters and scarring.

The plant is a close relative of carrots, parsley, celery, and giant hogweed, all of which can cause similar skin reactions in sensitive individuals, says Dr. Blohm. Earlier this month, a Virginia teen made headlines after suffering second-degree burns from wild hogweed exposure. Experts say that plant’s growth is spreading to new states and regions.

Eating citrus fruits and taking certain medications can also have similar effects for people who are sensitive to plants’ light-reactive compounds. For example, one 2014 case report from the University of Vermont describes a woman who had developed a rash on her hands after baking with lime juice and then going out in the sun.

RELATED: 7 Medications That May Make You Extra Sensitive to Sun and Heat

How to protect yourself

People who think they’ve been exposed to wild parsnip sap should wash their skin thoroughly with soap and water as soon as possible, says Dr. Blohm. They should also keep the exposed area out of the sun for at least 48 hours.

“Apply sunscreen and stay inside, because if you don’t get irradiated with UV light, you shouldn’t get those symptoms,” he says. “Once the blisters form, there’s no antidote; we can only treat it the way we’d treat a burn.”

Dr. Blohm cautions that, while wild parsnip and giant hogweed are most likely to be found along roadsides and near creeks, “they are weeds that spread very easily, and they can sometimes spread into people’s backyards.” If they do appear near your home, he says, wear full-body protection to pull them out, “or hire a professional to remove it.”

The Vermont Department of Health also recommends washing any clothing that may have been exposed to plant sap right away. And if you do have to work with or around the plant, try to do so on cloudy days, when the sun is less likely to react with the sap.

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If a reaction does occur, call your doctor or seek treatment at a medical facility or burn center. Because the sap can cause injuries similar to second-degree chemical burns, the affected areas may need to be cleaned and bandaged to avoid infection. Sometimes, says Dr. Blohm, skin grafts are required.

Thankfully, Murphy is expected to make a full recovery. After first seeking treatment at an urgent-care facility, she’s now seeing doctors at the University of Vermont’s burn clinic. “The progress is slow but the blisters and swelling have gone down,” she wrote in her Facebook post.

As her arms and legs heal, Murphy is imploring people to “tell EVERYONE you know” about the dangers of wild parsnip—adding that pets can also get burned if they come into contact with the plant’s oil.

She apologized in her post for the graphic nature of her photos, but added, “they are the best way to show people what wild parsnip does.” And her plan to spread awareness about the toxic plant seems to be working: Since Saturday, the post has been shared more than 39,000 times.

DEATHS FROM LIVER disease, especially among young people, have increased dramatically since 1999, according to new research.

A study published Wednesday in The BMJ examined deaths related to cirrhosis and liver cancer from 1999 to 2016. Researchers discovered that cirrhosis-related deaths increased 65 percent among men and women across all ethnicities, totaling 34,174. Deaths from liver cancer doubled to 11,073. Asians and Pacific Islanders was the only subgroup that saw a decrease in mortality from cancer.

According to the study, from 2009 to 2016, “the period of worsening death rates,” people aged 25 to 34 experienced the highest annual increase in cirrhosis-related deaths (10.5 percent), which was entirely fueled by alcohol-related liver disease. The researchers stated this finding is “reinforced by parallel changes in mortality due to alcohol use disorders and all alcohol-related liver disease.”

 

Deaths from cirrhosis rose the most among Native Americans, whites and Hispanics. They also rose the fastest in Southern and Western states, such as Kentucky, New Mexico, Arkansas, Indiana and Alabama. Additionally, men experienced twice as many deaths from cirrhosis as women.

Cirrhosis is the scarring of the liver, which prevents it from functioning properly. Common causes include heavy alcohol consumption and hepatitis.

RELATED CONTENT

 

Liver Cancer Is Spreading With Deadly Intent

Lead author and professor at the University of Michigan, Dr. Elliot Tapper, told CNN that an increase in binge-drinking culture among young people could be the cause of the rise in cirrhosis-related deaths. Tapper said he has been treating more young people with liver disease and that these deaths are preventable if the right measures are taken before it’s too late.

“We were struck by how the current concept of who develops cirrhosis didn’t quite match what we were seeing,” Tapper told CNN. “It was really striking to us to have people that were younger than us in our clinic dying from cirrhosis.”

Tapper suggests using blood tests to diagnose the disease and raising the price of alcohol.

 

The gastrodia tubers are elliptical or elongated, slightly flat, shrinking and slightly curved. It is 3~15 cm long, 1.5~6 cm wide and 0.5~2 cm thick. The surface is yellowish white to light yellowish brown, slightly transparent, with many irregular longitudinal wrinkles, longitudinal wrinkles and multiple rounds of horizontal rings arranged by latent buds, sometimes visible brown fungus, with spotted or membranous scales Sometimes brown-black fungus can be seen. There is a residual stem base (Cannabis) at the top, or a reddish brown to dark brown parrot’s mouth-shaped bud (winter), with a rounded umbilical scar at the end from the mother’s hemp. Solid, not easy to break, flat section, horny, yellowish white or light brown. Qi Wei, flat, sweet, slightly sympathetic. With a solid texture, weight, a parrot, no hollow is better.
Gastrodia basic information
Botanical Name : Gastrodia elata Bl. Chinese name of the medicinal material : Tianma Keyuan : The dried rhizome of the Orchidaceae plant Gastrodia elata Bl. Use parts: Rhizome Main origin: Mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi and other provinces, now mostly cultivated production. General Pinyin: Tian Ma Pinyin: Tian Ma
Gastrodia elata
First-class gastrodia: oval or elongated, slightly flat, shrinking and slightly curved, length 3~15cm, width 1.5~6cm, thickness 0.5~cm. The surface is yellowish white to pale yellowish brown, with longitudinal wrinkles or horizontal ring lines arranged by latent buds, sometimes with brown-colored mycelium, red-brown to dark brown parrot-like buds or residual stem base at the top; Round umbilical scars. Hard, not easy to break, flat section, yellow-white to light brown.
Gastrodia elata specifications:
First class: dry goods. It has a long oval shape. Flattened and bent, to clean the rough cork, the surface is yellowish white, with a horizontal ring pattern, the top has a residual stem base or red and yellow buds. The end has a disc-shaped concave umbilical scar. Solid and translucent. Cuticle horny, white teeth. Sweet and slightly spicy. Within 26 pieces per kilogram, no hollow, withered, impurities, insects, mildew.
Second class: dry goods. It has a long oval shape. Flattened and bent, to clean the cork, the surface is yellow-white, with a horizontal ring pattern, the top has a residual stem base or red-yellow buds. The end has a disc-shaped concave umbilical scar. Solid and translucent. Cuticle horny, white teeth. Sweet and slightly spicy. Within 46 kilograms per kilogram, no hollow, withered, impurities, insects, mildew.
Third class: dry goods. It has a long oval shape. Flattened and bent, to clean the cork, the surface is yellow-white, with a horizontal ring pattern, the top has a residual stem base or red-yellow buds. The end has a disc-shaped concave umbilical scar. Solid and translucent. Cuticle horny, white or brownish yellow slightly hollow. Sweet and slightly spicy. Within 90 pieces per kilogram, the size is even. No dryness, impurities, insects, mildew.
Fourth class: dry goods. Outside of 90 per kilogram. Anyone who does not fit one, two, three, etc., hollow and unpeeled are all this. No reed stems, impurities, insects, mildew. Remarks: Home or wild gastrodia are classified according to this.
– “Seventy-six kinds of medicinal materials specifications and standards [Chinese medicine Lianbanzi (84) No. 72 attachments]”
Gastrodia identification
The section of the tuber has residual cells, and the epidermis is composed of tangentially elongated plug cells. The cells are square and square. The cortex is broad, the cells are unequal-polygon, and the parenchyma cells are larger near the middle column. The cells are round and elliptical, and sometimes the calcium oxalate needle bundle is visible. The parenchyma cells contain polysaccharide masses. The outer tough vascular bundle is scattered and has a diameter of 35 to 40 m. The sieve portion is composed of closely arranged small sieve cells, and the cells are irregular. Catheter 2 to several consecutive, the cells are round or polygonal, 10 ~ 20m in diameter, weak wood, the main is a stepped duct, occasionally ring and threaded catheter.

 

There has been a growing interest in the beneficial use of probiotics. In a study published in the journal BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, researchers found that brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contains probiotic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.

• In the study, researchers at Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) looked at the potential probiotic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of a strain of brewer’s yeast isolated from fruit.
• Brewer’s yeast was found to be tolerant to different temperatures and pH, high concentration of bile salt and sodium chloride (NaCl), gastric juice, intestinal environment, alpha-amylase, trypsin, and lysozyme.
• It has the ability to produce organic acid and exhibited resistance against drugs, such as tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamycin, penicillin, polymyxin B and nalidixic acid.
• It can absorb cholesterol and can produce killer toxin, vitamin B12, glutathione, siderophore, and strong biofilm.
• It showed moderate auto-aggregation ability and cell surface hydrophobicity, which are essential properties of probiotics.
• Brewer’s yeast can also produce enzymes, such as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulose, that improve nutrient utilization in the gut.
• The isolate exhibited better antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria than gram-positive.
• It also demonstrated powerful antioxidant activity, reducing power, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, significant brine shrimp cytotoxicity and acute toxicity, and metal ion chelating activity.
• Toxicity tests revealed that it is safe to be used for human patients.
• In treated mice, the isolate improved lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production.

English name: Garlic Extract
Latin: Allium sativum L
Traits: light yellow fine powder
Specifications: Garlic 2.0% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% Min (sulfur method)
Extraction ratio: 10:1, 100:1
Mesh aperture: 80 mesh
Plant source: bulb of Allium Sativum L., Liliaceae plant, onion A.fistulosum L. bulb.
Packing: 25 kg / cardboard drum
Shelf life: 24 months
Garlic extract details
Introduction to garlic
Garlic, perennial herb, Liliaceae allium. The underground bulbs are divided into five parts, which are divided into purple and white skins according to their skin color. Spicy, pungent, edible or seasoning, can also be used as medicine. When the garlic was planted in the Western Han Dynasty, it was introduced into China from the Western Region, and it was popular among the public for its artificial cultivation.
Garlic Allium sativum L. (Garlic) belongs to the genus Allium, and is used as a bulb. Harvested in spring and summer, tied, suspended in a ventilated place, dry and spare. Excavate in June when the leaves are dry, remove the sediment, air dry or bake until the outer skin is dry.
Garlic is oblate or short conical, with grayish white or light brown membranous scales on the outside, stripped of scales, with 6 to 10 garlic cloves inside, rounded around the stem of the flower, the base of the stem is disc-shaped, with most fibrous roots. Each garlic clove is covered with a film, and the film is peeled off, that is, white, thick and juicy scales are seen. There is strong garlic smell and spicy taste.
Perennial herb with strong garlic odor. Bulbs large, with 6 to 10 petals, outgage grayish white or lavender in membranous scales. Leaves basal, solid, flat, linear lanceolate, about 2.5 cm wide, base sheathed. The flower stem is erect, about 60 cm high; the bud has a long scorpion, 7 to 10 cm long; the umbel is small and dense, with 1 to 3 sepals, 8 to 10 cm long, membranous, light green; Flowers small, flowers mixed with pale red bead buds, 4 mm long, or completely without buds; stalks thin, longer than flowers; perianth 6, pink, elliptic-lanceolate; stamens 6, white, anthers prominent; pistils 1, style prominent, white, ovate upper, oblong-ovate, apex concave, 3-loculed. Capsule, 1 room cracking. Seed black. Flowering summer.
Garlic chemical composition
The nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein and trace elements in garlic account for about 15% of the weight, crude fiber accounts for 15%, and water accounts for about 70%, of which garlic oil accounts for 0.24%-0.3%. The fresh stem contains about 2% of volatile oil. The main component of the oil is allicin, 2-propene-1-Sulfinothioic acid, S-2-propenyl ester [539-86-6]; C6H10OS2; molecular weight is 162.27; yellow liquid It has a smell of garlic; its solubility in water is 2.5% (10°), it is miscible with ethanol, ether and benzene; it is unstable to hot alkali and stable to acid), and it is a phytoncide. In addition, it also contains trace amounts of iodine. Garlicin is a colorless oily liquid with a unique irritating strong smell. The odor is the same as that of garlic. It is unstable and its solution can be ineffective when exposed to heat or alkali, but it is not affected by dilute acid. There is no garlic in fresh garlic, but there is a colorless and odorless sulfur-containing amino acid called allionine (alltin, C6H11O3NS). This acid is decomposed by garlic enzyme (allinase) in garlic to produce garlic and two Diallyl disulfide.
Allicin (diallyl sulfide [(CH2=CHCH2)2S3]) is a highly unstable organic sulfide which is easily degraded and almost completely decomposed after 20 hours at room temperature (20 ° C). . Allicin is very unstable, so it is very difficult to extract and preserve allicin. At present, the method for extracting allicin is mainly steam distillation, solvent leaching and supercritical CO2 (CSF-CO2) extraction. The first two methods have low extraction rate and purity of allicin, among which supercritical extraction Allicin has the best stability, the highest yield and the best quality. The extraction rate can reach more than 92%, and the purity of allicin is 84%.
The main role of garlic
1. Antibacterial broad-spectrum, strong antibacterial. Allicin has a strong killing effect on Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of long-standing diseases in fish and livestock.
2. Seasoning and attracting food to improve feed quality. It has a strong and pure smell of garlic and can replace other fragrances in the feed. It can improve the odor of feed, stimulate the fish, livestock and poultry to produce a strong attracting effect, so that the appetite is greatly increased, and the feed intake is increased.
3. Enhance immunity and promote healthy growth of livestock, poultry and fish. Adding proper amount of allicin to the feed, the animal’s skin is bright, the body is strong, the disease resistance is enhanced, the feed consumption is reduced, the egg production is increased, and the growth of fish and livestock is promoted, and the survival rate is improved.
4, improve animal quality, add appropriate amount of allicin in the feed, can effectively regulate the formation of stimulating amino acids in the meat, increase the flavor of animal meat or eggs, so that the flavor of animal meat or eggs is more delicious.
5, reduce detoxification, anti-mildew and fresh. The addition of allicin to the feed can have the functions of clearing the temperature, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and removing stasis, and can significantly reduce the toxicity of harmful substances such as mercury, cyanide and nitrous acid in the feed. It can effectively remove insects, flies, mites, etc., and play a role in protecting the quality of feed and improving the environment inside the livestock and poultry house.
6, non-toxic, no side effects, no drug residues, no drug resistance. Allicin contains natural bactericidal ingredients and is metabolized in the original form of animals. The main characteristics distinguishing them from other antibiotics are non-toxic, no side effects, no drug residues, and no drug resistance. Can be used continuously, and has anti-virus, improve the fertilization rate of eggs.

Often marketed as Splenda, sucralose was approved for food manufacturers to use as a “non-nutritive sweetener” by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999.

However, rumor has it that the artificial sweetener was discovered in a lab by scientists who were trying to create a brand new pesticide. Instead they stumbled on a chemical sugar alternative that’s aggressively marketed as an option that tastes like sugar without sugar’s sweet but inherent risks.

 

And if you’ve been scanning the ingredients on your average box of cookies lately, you’ve probably come across the word sucralose.

So is it a pesticide or a viable sugar alternative? And, more importantly, is it safe to eat something with sucralose in it or to feed it to your kids?

Here’s a look at what the experts say about sucralose’s side effects and whether sucralose is safe.

So what is sucralose?
According to sucralose’s creators, sucralose is made by taking sugar, removing hydrogen–oxygen groups from certain places on the sucrose molecule, and putting chlorine in their place.

 

Splenda’s official description explains that “this change makes the sucralose molecule much sweeter than sugar, but with none of the calories.” In other words, sucralose makes things taste sweet, but it doesn’t carry nearly the amount of nutrition (or calories) of more traditional sweeteners.

 

These days, the sugar substitute can be found in everything from soda to baked goods to frozen goodies, and because it’s heat stable—meaning it stays sweet even when brought to high temperatures—sucralose is often used in home cooking, too. In fact, it’s sold on its own in most American supermarkets for use by home cooks.

 

And when it comes to flavoring beverages and treats, sucralose offers a pretty big bang for your buck. It’s 600 times sweeter than traditional sugar but contains just a small percentage of the calories sugar does, says Sandra Arevalo, director of nutrition services and community outreach at the South Bronx Health Center in New York City.

The Anti-Sugar
Although it’s often dubbed a “low calorie” or “artificial” sweetener, the name sucralose can be confusing. If you took high school French, you might know that the French word for sugar is sucre—which sounds an awful lot like the root word in sucralose. And maybe you remember the original (and long since abandoned) Splenda tagline, “Made from sugar so it tastes like sugar”?

So sucralose just a souped up version of sugar, right? Not exactly.

 

The big difference between sucralose—or any artificial sweetener—and sugar is the nutritional value, says Lorena Drago, a registered dietitian, spokesperson for the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and founder of Hispanic Foodways, an organization that creates and disseminates culturally and ethnically oriented nutrition and diabetes-education materials.

Sugar is what’s known as a nutritive sweetener because it has both calories and carbohydrates. One teaspoon of sugar, for example, has about 16 calories and 4 grams of carbohydrates. A typical packet of sucralose contains just 1 gram of carbs, and little to no calories, making it a non-nutritive sweetner.

Why Sucralose Is Popular
The importance of the numbers and the allure of sucralose becomes extremely apparent when you look at how much sugar you’re really consuming every day. You don’t have to be dumping spoonfuls of the granulated white stuff into your coffee or sprinkling it on your cereal in the morning to be ingesting more sugar than you should.

 

In fact, sugars are in almost everything we eat, from pasta sauce to bread.

That’s why the 2015–2020 dietary guidelines from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture focus not just on “sugar” consumption, but on the “added sugar” in our diets. The guidelines recommend consuming less than 10 percent of calories per day from added sugars.