4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside CAS 3150-24-1β-Galactosidase Chromogenic Substrate
Product Identification
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | 4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside; PNPG; 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-galactoside |
| CAS RN | 3150-24-1 |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₂H₁₅NO₈ |
| MW | 301.25 |
| EC Number | 221-605-5 |
| HS Code (ref) | 2934 / 2942 (nucleoside/nucleotide/sugar derivative reagents) |
| Use Class | Biochemical reagent / β-galactosidase chromogenic substrate |
| Related Reagent | ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-D-gal, CAS 369-07-3) — PNPG has higher λmax (405 nm vs 420 nm for ONPG, less interfering with some buffers) |
Description
PNPG is a synthetic nitrophenyl glycoside designed as a colorimetric substrate for β-galactosidase (β-gal, EC 3.2.1.23). Upon enzymatic cleavage of the β-1,4-galactosidic bond, p-nitrophenolate is released (yellow, λmax ~405 nm, read on plate reader), enabling quantitative β-gal activity in vitro.
Key literature/application clusters:
- Senolytic & Aging R&D – SA-β-gal (senescence-associated β-gal) assay is the canonical biomarker for cellular senescence; PNPG (or ONPG) is the substrate of choice in high-throughput senolytic screening. This directly links to our SKU Quercetin CAS 117-39-5 (Dasatinib + Quercetin D+Q senolytic combo) — PNPG = the assay reagent those papers use. Search cluster: “senolytic assay PNPG”, “SA-beta-gal substrate 3150-24-1”
- Dairy & Lactase QC – lactose = β-galactose dimer; lactase (β-gal) activity in dairy processing, infant formula, lactose-free product QC — PNPG standard substrate
- Microbial Screening & Fermentation – β-gal positive colonies (e.g. Lactobacillus, Streptococcus thermophilus) in probiotic / dairy starter screening; also recombinant β-gal expression verification (yeast / Pichia)
- Pharma / Enzyme Replacement – lactose intolerance enzyme replacement R&D, β-gal deficiency models
Applications
Senolytic & Aging R&D – SA-β-gal assay substrate for cellular senescence screening; high-throughput senolytic compound evaluation (links to Quercetin 117-39-5 / Dasatinib D+Q workflows)
Dairy & Food QC – lactase (β-gal) activity assay in milk, whey, infant formula, lactose-free product development
Microbial & Probiotic Screening – β-gal positive colony ID (Lactobacillus, S. thermophilus, dairy starters), fermentation R&D
Recombinant Protein / Expression Verification – β-gal reporter (lacZ) assays in molecular biology (E. coli lacZ verification, yeast two-hybrid β-gal readout)
Reference Standard – ≥99% HPLC for method development, QC of β-gal assay kits
